Thursday, June 15, 2017

War, Peace and the Legislature

Chapter XXV

     The deep and abiding camaraderie developed between teacher and pupils is shown in the following incident years later.  “On July 4, 1893, General Pemberton surrendered Vicksburg to General Grant.  The next day I rode into the city to view the results of the siege.  I rode to where a large number of Confederate soldiers were loitering.  One of them, at my request, handed me a cup of water.  I said to them, ‘Boys, are any of you from Panola, Mississippi?’  ‘Yes’ said a large fine looking fellow who stood some distance from the crowd, as he advanced and laid his hand on my hip, ‘I’m from Panola’ What is your name, sir?’ I asked.  He answered: ‘Nelson, but why do you ask?
     “I said, ‘Your father’s name is Garland G. Nelson and I taught school in Panola and you were one of my pupil.’ He was as glad to see me as if no war existed and said: ‘You must go with me to our camp on the hill yonder.  Your scholars organized a section of battery and we admitted no one to membership who had not been your pupil.  We thus organized “Dungan’s Battery.”  When we got to the camp and saw the boys, I knew them all and for several hours we had a pleasant reunion.”
Wake of War
     Another experience at the time reveals the feeling of utter despair in the south in the wake of the war.  Col. Dungan met John Harris in whose home he had been a tutor.  His only son, Captain Harris, had been killed in battle at Port Hudson a few weeks before and his father was a lonely, broken man.  He felt like a man without a country.  He was sure the nation could not survive, the Union could never be restored.
     Said he: “The west will withdraw and we shall have a dozen governments where one existed and perpetual strife will exist until some Caesar shall, upon their ruins, establish a despotism.”  Col. Dungan writes: “I tried to picture what has now (1902) come to pass – a united and happy nation, stronger than ever before… but my arguments were of no avail.  We parted as strong friends as in the days of years before.”
Letter to Wife
Camp of the 34th Iowa
South Vicksburg
July 4, 1863
Dearest:
     “Praise God.  Vicksburg is ours.  It surrendered about noon.  There has been no firing today and we felt sure of its surrender, but received no official announcement of the fact until about 12 noon while we were at dinner.  Such shouting never was heard before.  The artillery was let loose, firing blank cartridges in honor of the event.  The gunboats made the river quake.
     A few moments before the news of the surrender Jones and the others. who had been home on furlough, arrived bringing my boots and slipper.  I like the boots very well.  I wrote to Harden by Jones to make me a pair of boots and you would pay for them.  I thought I wrote you to that effect.  My health is very good…. The health of the regiment is pretty good.  There have been no further casualties.  The remainder of the boys who were wounded in the fort are getting along finely.”  
Awaiting Orders
     We are still in camp waiting for orders.  I do not know whether we will march into Vicksburg or not.  If this regiment doesn’t move today, Colonel Clark and I are going into the city this afternoon.  Your letter of June 14 was received today.  I believe Jones brought it.  I congratulate myself and thank God that I was at this place on this proud day for our country.  I will not dispatch this until the last moment in order to put in any further news we may receive.
With much love,
Your husband,
Warren S. Dungan
      The three-year sojourn in the south convinced the observing Mr. Dungan that war between the states was inevitable.  He returned to Pennsylvania, studied law, was admitted to the bar and four days later came to Chariton to ‘remain for life” and practice law.  This was in 1858.  He built a fine practice but sensed his country’s call and obtained a commission from Governor Kirkwood as recruiting officer in 1862.
     He organized a company of 100 men, was sworn in as a private but was soon chosen captain by acclamation.  They left from Des Moines in “road wagons” going without orders, fearing the war would be over before they could get there and thinking that at the capital they would get orders sooner.  Three months they were in Des Moines, sleeping on straw beds, their blankets for cover, without uniforms or arms but drilling every day.
     They were sent to Burlington where Captain Dungan was breveted to Lieutenant Colonel, 34th Iowa Infantry.  In November they were ordered south for three years.  They were through all the southern states bordering on the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico.  It was in the charge and capture of Ft. Blakely in the rear of Mobile that Lt. Col. Dungan was promoted to full colonelcy for gallantry in action April 9, 1865 – the day General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox.
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     The war was over, “War! That mad game the world so loves to play!”  wrote Johnathan Swift and from General Grant this: “Altho a soldier by profession, I have never advocated it except as a means to peace.”  “When I left for war,” writes Col. Dungan, “the severest trial of my army experience was parting from my wife and children – Fayette two and one-half years old and Frances Mae six months.  On my return little Frances Mae had been laid to rest in the Chariton cemetery.”
     Back in 1861 Mr. Dungan had been elected State Senator from Lucas and Wayne counties, but after serving only one year of his four-year term, he had gone to war.  In 1879 he was elected to the House of Representatives and was re-elected in 1881.
     After two terms he was elected to the Senate where he was chairman of the ways and means committee and at various times during his terms of office on such standing committees as the judiciary, agriculture and appropriations, as commissioner for Mines and Mining and others.
Coal Miners
     He writes:” In all my legislative action, while I tried to be just to all interests and all classes, I labored earnestly for legislation to protect the coal miners and other wage earners, feeling that they were entitled to greater protection than the rich who could better take care of themselves.
     The satisfaction of an approving conscience is balm for every wound.  I was fortunate in securing as my committee clerk Thomas Whisenand, a Lucas County boy who had been admitted to the bar and had practiced in Des Moines.  He was an efficient clerk.  He wrote all the reports even though some of the committees worked till midnight.  He had them all ready promptly every morning by the time the Senate convened.”
     Col. Dungan authored the bill to remove from the arsenal the battle flags of the Iowa troops and place them in hermetically sealed glass cases in the corridors of the Capital.
Senate Chair
     In 1883 he was elected lieutenant governor for the 25th General Assembly.
     He writes: “I knew no party lines.  I showed no favoritism.  I considered it my duty to carry out the wishes of the majority.  I was surprised to find that there was never an appeal from my ruling.”  At the close of the session. The Senate, as was their custom, presented me the chair and the gavel I had used.”
     The chair is now in the pastor’s study in the First Presbyterian Church, the gift of the Dungan family.  Col. Dungan was one of 14 persons who, on July 5, 1856 organized the Presbyterian Church in Chariton.  He was Clerk of Session for many years, a faithful member of the Sunday School and a Ruling Elder until his death in 1913.
     In the Daily State Register of April 16, 1894, appeared the following editorial:
     “No man ever presided over the Senate with greater success than Warren S. Dungan.  He was absolutely fair.  There was never a murmur of complaint during the whole session He was prompt in his rulings and kept business moving right along.  He was even great enough to correct a mistake when he thought he had made one   His voice, peculiarly well adapted to the position, kept up to the end.  Col. Dungan is still in prime vigor and there was not a Senator but hoped to see him president over the Senate of the 26th General Assembly.”
     “In 1900 I was appointed by the governor as one of the commission authorized by the legislature to go to Vicksburg and locate the position of Iowa troops in the siege of that place in 1863.  There were 32 organizations from Iowa in the siege:  28 infantries, two cavalries, two regiments and two batteries.  I was to represent the 34th Iowa and mark its place on the line of investment in the U.S. Military Park then being established.
Great Hospitality
     Although there had been changes in the intervening 37 years, I had no trouble in locating the correct positions.  We were received and treated with great hospitality.  It was a great and patriotic inspiration to contrast our relative positions then arranged in deadly strife attempting to destroy one another and now so closely united not only in the ties of fellowship but of devotion to the ‘more perfect union’ the fathers dreamed of in the adoption of our National Constitution.
     The colonel was a member of many civic organizations.  He, with Miss Margaret E. Brown and others, on June 10, 1901 organized the first historical society in this county, which was also the first in the state.  He was its first president.  He was a member of the school board when the first large school house was built.  It was three stories high and nearly as large as the one that replaced it.  It stood where the Columbus building now stands.  He was city solicitor and county attorney.  In short, he was a public spirited man.
     Says he: “I was never an office seeker and while at one time I had some aspirations toward Congress, I now look back on my public career of some 35 years and feel that I chose the better part, that is years of quiet serenity, living to be an octogenarian, in possession, in large measure, of the buoyancy of younger years and writing my memoirs.”  Their family consisted of six daughters and one son.  Daughter Myrtle was county superintendent of schools here for several years.  Myra operated the Chariton Business College for a number of years. 
     Col. Dungan’s long life in Lucas County prompted him to write of the people: “My experience and observation of the early settlers in Iowa showed me that a large percentage of those who came here in those days were people of more than ordinary intelligence, energy and will power and this is what has put Iowa in the front rank among the states of the Union for the intelligence and general excellence of her population.
     “Iowa, like most of the northwestern states, was settled by various classes of people.  There were the pioneers, a restless, nomadic and generally illiterate class of people always pushing on in the van of civilization.  Next came the permanent settler, pioneer home-seekers, the leading classes, when studied, will illustrate the character of many of Iowa’s early settlers.
Misfortunes
     The latter composed of well-educated and well-to-do people, some of them wealthy who by venturing beyond their means financially of from some misfortune, their property is swept from them.  Too energetic and too ambitious to sit down in despondence “waiting for something to turn up” and too proud to remain where their prospects seemed to be hopeless.”
     In studying the memoirs of a man, one moves with him along the guideposts that have fashioned his philosophy – his credo, revealing his depth of spirit, his high resolves, the width and breadth of his interest and appreciation of all that goes to make up a good life on this planet.
     This man was brought up in a family of true believers in the Christian faith and the observance of the Sabbath.  He writes: “On Sunday the sky was bluer, the birds sang more softly, all sounds were modified, even those of the domestic animals seemed to be a lower key.  Stillness everywhere and all things awed into comparative silence.
     “The age in which I have lived, I believe to be the most progressive the world has ever seen.  It may rightly be called the “Age of Wonders”.  In 1822 (the year he was born) there was not a railroad in the United States. Fulton’s steamboat, the Clermont, had gone up the Hudson but little progress had been made in steam navigation.
Great Advancements
     Now the telegraph, telephone and an innumerable number of inventions have revolutionized transportation, commerce and the arts.  No less have advanced in education, in common schools, academies, colleges, universities and the press, all of which have greatly advanced knowledge and civilization.
      “I am also of those who believe that Christianity has shared in the general progress.  The churches are nearer together in sympathy and in belief in all essential truths, while less stress is laid on non-essentials and the Bible is better understood than ever before.  At one time the discoveries of science seemed to be in conflict with revelation but advanced scientific truth and the Bible, correctly interpreted, are found not in conflict.”
Two Books’
     God has given two books – the book of Nature and the Bible and when rightly understood, they agree.  The first was intended for the habitation of man and his comfortable existence.  This was a state of happiness.  Through disobedience he lost this happy estate.  The second book was written not to explain the first, but to restore man to his first estate, to reveal the life to come and how to reach it.
     “I think the true character of God is better understood today than formerly.  The former view seems to have been as a sovereign ruler… a God to be feared.  The better view seems to be that God is the supreme ruler of the universe and in justice visits sin with impartiality, not to a degree of vengeance, but by the immutable law of retribution and all the time ‘His hand is stretched out still’, pleading with the sinner to turn and live – the fatherhood of God pleading for the brotherhood of man.”
     “Man is a religious being.  All men worship.  All look to some power outside themselves for aid at times, especially in times of peril.  As the tendrils of the vine reach out to cling to another object, so man’s hope reaches forth to a life to come.”
     From “History of the 15th Volunteers of Iowa 1861-1864 the following is quoted from Dr. Gibbon: “At daylight April 7, the trail opened furiously on both sides.  About 10 o’clock we heard a yell, which seemed to shake the ground.  It was a genuine ‘Yankee yell’ and immediately after the firing grew more distant and we knew the day was ours.  The battle was won and now came the herculean task of the surgeons to take care of the wounded.  We had the Confederate wounded to look after also, which gave us about 10,000”.
     The Union forces did hold the real estate but at an awesome price in life and limb on both sides.  The record shows the following men from Lucas County having sacrificed their all on the altar of our Nation in her hour of peril:  Capt. Don Iseminger, Alkana Malone, Abraham Ellis, William Shutts, Charles Dooley, Monroe Hardine, William Spurling, Abel T. Edwards, Olive B. Miller, Jesse Welles.
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Dr. Gibbon remained with the Army of the Tennessee until the capture of Vicksburg and was with the 17th Army Corps during Sherman’s March to the Sea.  In September of that year he was in a Brigade that was ordered to march from Goodrich’s Landing to Monroe, Louisiana.  It was an ill-advised, unjustified expedition. No officer was ever found who could explain why it was ordered.  Reading it brings to mind “The Charge of the Light Brigade” immortalized by Tennyson.
“Into the jaws of death, into the mouth of hell
Not tho’ the soldiers knew,
Someone had blundered
Theirs not to make reply,
Theirs not to reason why
Theirs but to do and die,
Into the valley of death
Rode the six hundred.”
     The march was made through swamps that had been flooded, solid lines of canebrake lined the road, with no breath of air in 129-degree heat; rattlesnakes everywhere; moist air, dank and fever laden, nauseating stench.  The last day’s march brought them to a heavily timbered country.  The Brigade had gone on, leaving about a dozen men too sick to move.  Among them was Dr. Gibbon but he mounted his horse with difficulty and led the men to a clump of holly trees where they could defend themselves from bushwhackers who were bearing down upon them.  Most of the men were delirious.  The bushwhackers came in and took all their rations and medicines and had put ropes in the trees vowing to “hang the whole – Yankee outfit”.   Just at this time, Capt. Middleton of the Confederate Cavalry came along, put the guerillas to flight and set a guard for the sick men.
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      Three torturing weeks went by during which Mrs. Gibbon could hear nothing from her husband.  She went straight to Gen. McPherson who gave her a cartel of exchange of prisoners and sent his bodyguard of cavalry with her and a number of ambulances loaded with supplies for the sick.  They went up the river to Goodman’s Landing, then marched over the same route taken by the ill-starved expedition.  A mile-long causeway ran straight through the woods from where the prisoners were and when a comrade ran to tell Surgeon Gibbon that a flag of truce was coming, he feebly raised his head and said: “That is my wife”.
     The first thing she did was to provide food and then they set out for “God’s country and the old flag and many were blessings showered upon the brave little woman who had never rested until she had brought relief to her husband and his sick and starving comrades.”
    When he had recovered she got a little cart, filled it with medicines and supplies for the sick and went along with him as he continued ministering to the sick and wounded of the war.  Dr. Gibbon received his honorable discharge December 22, 1864 and at the same time he received a testimonial considered the highest military honor conferred upon a soldier.  He returned to Chariton and resumed his practice, which extended over 27 years.
     In 1879 he built the Rexall building, which has continuously housed a drug store.  The interior woodwork is all native walnut.  The front of the building was finished with an ornamental cornice containing a “date stone” 1879.  In the early 1950’s the whole cornice loosened and had to be removed.
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     Dr. Gibbon was a man who, with his family had high literary taste.  They liked good books and collected First Editions.  He allowed the second floor of his building to be used as a library and Mary Lockwood remembers going there for books.  The doctor also built the large residence at 316 South Grand Street.  High in the front gable is the letter “G”.  Construction was finished just before his death in October 1895 and his funeral was conducted from there.
     Dr. Gibbon wrote a resume of his war experiences for the “HISTORY OF THE 15TH IOWA VOLUNTEERS 1861-1865, which volume is in the Chariton Public Library.  The last paragraph is a farewell to his former comrades in arms: “We have made our last march, and fought our last battle; we have buried our beloved comrades by every stream from bloody Shiloh to the sea and shall soon cross the river, whence there is no return and, camping on the other side we will sing the old songs and joyously greet each other in the last Grand Review.”
Signed
W.H. Gibbon
Surgeon 15th Iowa
Volunteers
May 1887


Pages 105-113

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